1911-1937年灾民移境就食问题初探.pdfVIP

史 学 月 刊 2002年 第 2 期 ·115· 1 9 11—1 9 3 7年灾 民移境就食 问题初探 王 印 焕 (北京 师范 大学 历 史系，北京 1 00875) [关键词]民国史 ；灾民；移境就食 ； [摘 要]抗战前的民国时期，灾民逃荒现象极为普遍。灾发地政府因无力赈济自己的民众 ，或者出于推卸 责任 ，放任其灾民四处流离，移境就食。流入地政府救济 自己辖区灾民尚且不暇 ，自然不愿再为别区承担救 济 重任 。再者 ，行政区划与经费的分配也限制了这种救抚他省灾民的欲望 。因此 ，流入地对来境灾民无不驱逐 出 境或资遣回籍，而灾民在 自己家乡确实又无 以为生 ，迫不得已时只好重又外 出。总起来看，整个灾发期间，灾 民便是在灾发地与流入地的推来搡去之 中艰难苟活。这一问题不是一地一隅所能解决，也远非一年一月所能 一 蹴而就，它需要各级政府的大力合作 ，需要对产生灾民的各种原因予以根治。然而，受时代条件所限 ，灾 民 的移境就食问题不能得到较好的解决 ，灾民的流离悲苦也就只能依然如故。 [中图分类号]KC91 3；K2j8 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]OS83一O21 4(2002)02—0115一O8 A Preliminary Study on the Probi m of Refugees’Fleeing during 1911 to 1937 W ANG Yin—huan (Department oJ History，Beijing No*‘real L niversit3，，Beijing 100875，China) Key W ords：A history of the Republic of China；refugees；fleeing； Abstract：Refugeees’fleeing was an outstanding phenomenon in the Republic of China before Anti—Japanese War．The government in dis— aster—stroken area adopt let al0ne policy for its refugees’fleeing because of incapable of providing relief or just in order to evade re— sponsibility．However，the government in influx area could hardily provide relief for their refugees，not alone the refugees from other ar— eas．Furthermore，administrative divisions and funds distribution also restrained their desire for relieving refugees coming from other provinces．As a result，they always regarded the coming refugees with expelling or sending back．However，refugees had no alterative but fleeing again bacause they could not make a living in their own village．Generally speaking．refugees lived hard in n0n——accepting circum— stances during the whole faminc period．This problem could not be resolved in local lity or in short time．It need goverments in all levels energetically coopperate，need bring a permanent control of creating refugees’circumstance．However，limited to that times’condition， reguees’fleeing could not be resolved perfectly，and then，refugees’destitute and homeless was just as same as before． 民国 时期 的灾 荒史研 究 已有 相 当成果 ，尤其 是 中国人 民大 学 的李文