第十章 土壤管理和保护PPT.ppt

UNITE 3 MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION OF SOIL 土壤管理和保护; Soil Pollution and Control 土壤污染与防治; 13.1 Initial concepts of soil pollution 土壤污染的概念;土壤背景值研究及其意义 土壤背景值研究是以土壤学特别是土壤分析为主线，涉及多学科，技术要求高的一个系统。具有较严密的结构性、整体性及目的性，对各子系统独有严格的技术质量控制。 土壤背景值在土壤污染评价，污水灌溉(wastewater irrigation)与作物施肥(fertilization)上是不可缺少的依据。 环境质量评价(environmental quality evaluation) 土地资源评价(land resource assessment) 国土规划(territorial planning) 环境医学(environmental medicine) 食品卫生(food hygiene) ;;Environmental capacity 环境容量 人类生存和自然生态不受损害前提下，环境所能容纳污染物的最大负荷量。 Soil environmental capacity土壤环境容量 ;土壤环境静容量——土壤污染物的基准含量（土壤背景值）和最大负荷量(Carrying capacity)之差。;土壤环境容量的数学模式 土壤生态系统与其边界环境中其它诸多参数构成的定量关系。 土壤静容量(Cso) = M(Ci-Cbi) ; 13.1.4 Initial concepts of soil pollution 土壤污染的概念;Characteristics of soil pollution 土壤污染特性 土壤污染的隐蔽性(invisibility) 土壤污染的持久性(persistence) 土壤污染的间接有害性(indirect harmful effect);13.2 The sources and harmness of soil pollutant  土壤污染物的来源及危害; During construction and demolition a range of materials are disposed of in the soil environment, including broken bricks, tiles, glass, timber, piping, wiring and cables, insulation materials, mortar, concrete and plaster. ; Metalliferous wastes, particularly heavy metals (e.g. lead, zinc, cadmium, copper and nickel), are commonly found in soils of areas where ore extraction and smelting have occurred. More locally, metal contamination occurs on land used for scrap metal dealing and munitions factories. ; A wide range of chemical waste materials have been implicated in the contamination of soils. These include derivatives of detergents, fertilizers and pesticides, paints, dyestuffs, battery chemicals and leather tanning agents. A number of organic wastes may lead to soil contamination. Spillage of oils and related wastes is common o