antiretroviral treatment start-time during primary sivmac infection in macaques exerts a different impact on early viral replication and dissemination抗逆转录病毒治疗期间启动时间主要sivmac猕猴感染产生不同影响早期病毒复制和传播.pdfVIP

Antiretroviral Treatment Start-Time during Primary SIVmac Infection in Macaques Exerts a Different Impact on Early Viral Replication and Dissemination Pierre Sellier1,2,3, Abdelkrim Mannioui1,2, Olivier Bourry1,2, Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet1,2, Benoit 1,2 1,2 1,2 ´ 4 1,2 Delache , Patricia Brochard , Julien Calvo , Sophie Prevot , Pierre Roques * 1 Division of ImmunoVirology (SIV), Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (IMETI), CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France, 2 UMR E1, University Paris Sud XI, ˆ ` ˆ ˆ ´ ` Orsay, France, 3 Hopital Lariboisiere, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France, 4 Service d’Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Hopital Antoine Beclere, ˆ Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Clamart, France Abstract Background: The time of infection is rarely known in human cases; thus, the effects of delaying the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the peripheral viral load and the establishment of viral reservoirs are poorly understood. Methodology/Principal Findings: Six groups of macaques, infected intravenously with SIVmac251, were given placebo or antiretroviral therapy to explore reservoir establishment; macaques were treated for 2 weeks, with treatment starting 4 hours, 7 or 14 days after infection. Viral replication and dissemination were measured in the gut (rectum), in the lung and in blood and lymphoid tissues (peripheral lymph nodes), by quantifying viral RNA, DNA and 2LTR circles. We used immunohistochemistry (CD4 and CD68)