肥料和密度对寒地高产玉米源库性状及产量的调适作用.pdfVIP

中国农业科学 2004,37(8):1130-1137 ScientiaAgriculturaSinica 肥料和密度对寒地高产玉米源库性状及产量的调节作用 李 明 ，‘’，李文雄’ (’东北林业大学林学院:“东北农业大学农学院，哈尔滨 150030) 摘要:采用4因素最优试验设计，探讨了肥料和密度对玉米源库性状和产量的调节作用。结果表明，密度和氮 肥对玉米的源库性状影响较大，而钾肥和磷肥较小，4个因素变化的效应曲线均呈抛物线状。密度的影响在群体和 个体源库性状上表现不同。库源比既受肥料水平的影响，也受密度的影响。当产量在极低水平到高产水平之间变化 时，库源比与产量间呈正相关，但在高产阶段，产量与库源比间相关不显著甚至呈负相关。说明库源比在环境与作 物相互影响过程中，不断进行源库的动态变化调节。密度对玉米产量的影响最大，其次是氮肥。在一Y水平下，磷、 钾肥的产量效应主要是负作用。在零水平下，4个因素对产量的影响均呈抛物线状。肥料和密度之间存在明显的互 作效应。适宜的氮、磷、钾、比例为2:1:1.3, 关键词:玉米;肥料;密度;源库;高产;寒地 RegulationofFertilizerandDensityonSinkandSource TraitsandYieldofMaize LlMing，2,LlWen-xiong2 (CollegeofForestry,NortheastForestryUniversity;CollegeofAgronomy,NortheastAgriculturalUniversity,Harbin150030) Abstract:Aadopts4-factor-optimum-test-designswasusedinthestudytoinvestigatetheeffectsoffertilizersand plantdensityonsourceandsinktraits,aswellasyieldinmaize.Theresultindicatesthatthesourceandsinktraitsofmaize weremainlyaffectedbyplantdensityandnitrogenfertilizer,andtheinfluenceofpotassiumandphosphoruswererelatively small.Eacheffectinfourfactorsallcouldbeexpressedbyparabolaequation.Theeffectsofdensityonsourcetraitsorsink traitsweredifferentbetweenindividualandpopulation.Sink:sourceratiocouldbeaffectedbyplantdensityorfertilizer supplylevel.Ingeneral,withtheincreasingofyieldfromverylowtohigh,thepositiverelationshipbetweenyieldand sink:sourceratiowasfound,butinhigh-yieldinginterval,therelationshipwasnotsignificantorevennegative.Itmeans thatsink:sourceratiowaschangingbyself-regulationinplantwhileinfluenceeachotherbetweenenvironmentandcrop. Theeffectofplantdensity