卫生学精品教学（南方医学院）09.Common Chronic Non-infectious Diseases and their Prevention.pptxVIP

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卫生学精品教学（南方医学院）09.Common Chronic Non-infectious Diseases and their Prevention.pptx

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Common Chronic Non-infectious Diseases: Risk Factors and Integrated Prevention and Control;(1) General description;Criteria of hypertension Systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure measured on different days to be 140/90 mmHg or higher White coat hypertension refers to measurement of blood pressure as over 140/90 mmHg at a medical institution, with normal values of 24h dynamic average (130/80 mmHg) or self-measured values (135/85 mmHg).;J Hypertens. 2017 Apr;35(4):677-688. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001226. White-coat hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and total mortality. Huang Y1, Huang W, Mai W, Cai X, An D, Liu Z, Huang H, Zeng J, Hu Y, Xu D. CONCLUSION: We concluded that WCH is associated with long-term risk of CVD and total mortality in patients without antihypertensive treatment. Close follow-up should be performed in WCH patients.;5;Masked hypertension: Normal BP values at medical institution (140/90 mmHg), but marginally elevated BP values upon 24h dynamic monitoring (130/80 mmHg) or self-measured values (135/85 mmHg) Masked hypertension cases are subject to being neglectfully treated. Currently the prevalence of masked hypertension in China is estimated to be 16.8% (19% for adults and 7% for children). High risk populations are primarily elder people living alone and adolescents (school or college students) with psychological stresses. ;(2) Risk factors for hypertension;Modifiable risk factors for HP include:;b. Overweight and obesity Body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and waistline are both independent predictive factors of developing hypertension. BMI in normal Chinese adults ranges from 19 to 24, with BMI ≥24 and ≥28 indicating overweight and obesity, respectively. Adults with BMI ≥24 confer a risk for hypertension — 3 times higher than those with normal BMI. The waistline in normal males and females is 90cm and 80cm, respectively. Adults with increased waistlines are 3.5 times more susceptible than those with norm