第5章 神经系统生理.ppt

permeability phospholipid electrochemical gradient action potential agonist antagonist sympathetic system parasympathetic system cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) subarachnoid space endogenous exogenous MAC oil/gas partition coefficient sodium postassium calcium Choice questions: 1. What’s a measure of the force driving a specific ion into or out of the cell? a: an electral difference b: the chemical gradient c: electrochemical gradient 2. The least stimulus strength required to produce an action potential is named . a: the stimulus artefact b: the threshold stimulus c: the suprastimulus d: the substimulus 3. The arrival of an action potential leads to of the terminal membrane. a: polarization b: depolarization c: repolarization d: hyperpolarization 4. If a ligand activates a membrane receptor to transduce a response, it’s called . a: an antagonist b: an inhibitory mediator c: an agonist d: an excitory mediator 5. There is an increase in CSF volume in the conditions of . a: high ICP（intracranial pressure 颅内压） b: bulbar palsy （球麻痹，延髓麻痹） c: cerebral atrophy （脑萎缩） d: lumbar tumour （腰部肿瘤） The sensory system Peripheral（外周的） receptor exist in excitable tissues. Skin receptors appreciate touch, cold, warmth and pain, and deeper receptors appreciate pressure and proprioception. p50 proprioception n. [生理]本体感受 外周受体存在于可兴奋组织。皮肤内的受体承担四种感觉即触觉、冷、温觉和痛觉，其深部的受体还感受压觉和进行本体感受。 There are large numbers of different receptors and end-organs and, although end-organs are specialized for one form of sensation, the quality of sensation does not depend on the type of stimulus arousing it. (人体内）有大量不同的受体和终末器官，并且尽管这些终末器官已经特化为感受一种感觉，但是所产生感觉的本质并不依靠引起这种感觉的刺激的类型。 Information is transmitted to the CNS by varying the frequency and patterns（模式） of action potentials. 通过改变动作电位的频率和模式将信息传导至中枢。 Physiology of the nervous system Depa