转态译法（三）.pptVIP

Conversion between Active Voice and Passive Voice转态译法  Definition 2. Features of English and Chinese Passives 3. Methods to Translate English and Chinese Passives Definition 1). Conversion (bet. Actives and Passives) —the change from the active voice into the passive voice or vice versa in E-C and C-E translation so as to make the translated version conform with the idiomatic usage of the target language. 转态译法—就是在翻译过程中把原文的被动语态转换成译文中的主动语态，或是把原文中的主动语态转换成译文中的被动语态。 2). 主动句--适用于强调施动者，说明它的动作、行为所起的作用。 The Active Structure—a structure having as the subject the person or thing doing the action. 3). 被动句—是主动句中处于宾语的受事者被 提到主语位置上，强调被动者（受事）的被动地位和被动状态。句中有时带有被动意义的标记，有时却不带这种标记。 The Passive Structure—a structure expressing an action which is done to the subject of a sentence. 2. Features of English and Chinese Passives 1). Peculiarities of English Passives (1). The wide use of the passive In the vast majority of cases the choice of the passive in English is due to one of the following reasons: A. When the active subject is known and need not be mentioned (施事已知不必言明） a). Visitors are requested to wait a while. 来宾请稍候。 b). The murderer was caught yesterday, and it is said that he will be hanged. 凶手已于昨日被捕，据说他将会被绞死。 B. When the active subject is unknown or cannot be readily stated. (施事未知或难以言明） a). New factories are being built all over the country. 全国到处在兴建工场。 b). Another bridge will be built over the river next year. C. When the active subject is self-evident from the context (施事从上下文中可以不言自明） a). She told me that her master had dismissed her. No reason had been assigned; no objection had been made to her conduct. She had been forbidden to appeal to her mistress. 她告诉我，她的男主人已解雇了她。男主人没有讲明任何理由，对她的行为没有任何异议，也不许她向女主人申诉。 b). The toast was duly drunk. 宾主照例干杯。 D. When the active subject is not mentioned for some special reasons (tact or delicacy of sentiment) (使叙述显得圆通、得体，或为了表达某种微妙的情绪） a).