alkalizing reactions streamline cellular metabolism in acidogenic microorganisms碱化反应简化细胞新陈代谢引起酸化的微生物.pdfVIP

Alkalizing Reactions Streamline Cellular Metabolism in Acidogenic Microorganisms 1 2 2 1 1 3 Stefania Arioli , Enzio Ragg , Leonardo Scaglioni , Dimitrios Fessas , Marco Signorelli , Matti Karp , 1 1 4 4 1 Daniele Daffonchio , Ivano De Noni , Laura Mulas , Marco Oggioni , Simone Guglielmetti , Diego Mora1* ` 1 Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari e Microbiologiche, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy, 2 Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari Agroalimentari, ` Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy, 3 Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland, 4 Laboratorio di ` Microbiologia Molecolare e Biotecnologia, Dipartimento Biologia Molecolare, Universita di Siena, Siena, Italy Abstract An understanding of the integrated relationships among the principal cellular functions that govern the bioenergetic reactions of an organism is necessary to determine how cells remain viable and optimise their fitness in the environment. Urease is a complex enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea to ammonia and carbonic acid. While the induction of urease activity by several microorganisms has been predominantly considered a stress-response that is initiated to generate a nitrogen source in response to a low environmental pH, here we demonstrate a new role of urease in the optimisation of cellular bioenergetics. We show that urea hydrolysis in