neural responses to smoking stimuli are influenced by smokers attitudes towards their own smoking behaviour吸烟刺激的神经反应影响吸烟者的吸烟态度自己的行为.pdfVIP

Neural Responses to Smoking Stimuli Are Influenced by Smokers’ Attitudes towards Their Own Smoking Behaviour 1 2 1 1 2 Bastian Stippekohl *, Markus H. Winkler , Bertram Walter , Sabine Kagerer , Ronald F. Mucha , 2 1 1 Paul Pauli , Dieter Vaitl , Rudolf Stark ¨ 1 Bender Institute of Neuroimaging, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany, 2 Department of Psychology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Wurzburg, ¨ Wurzburg, Germany Abstract An important feature of addiction is the high drug craving that may promote the continuation of consumption. Environmental stimuli classically conditioned to drug-intake have a strong motivational power for addicts and can elicit craving. However, addicts differ in the attitudes towards their own consumption behavior: some are content with drug taking (consonant users) whereas others are discontent (dissonant users). Such differences may be important for clinical practice because the experience of dissonance might enhance the likelihood to consider treatment. This fMRI study investigated in smokers whether these different attitudes influence subjective and neural responses to smoking stimuli. Based on self-characterization, smokers were divided into consonant and dissonant smokers. These two groups were presented smoking stimuli and neutral stimuli. Former studies have suggested differences in the impact of smoking stimuli depending on the temporal stage of the smoki