neural substrates of mounting temporal expectation神经基板的安装时间的期望.pdfVIP

Primer 1 Neural Substrates of Mounting Temporal Expectation Jennifer T. Coull* ´ Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition, Pole 3C, Universite de Provence, Marseille, France When you first hear that all-too-common message that you’ll classic spatial orienting of attention task devised by Posner [9], in have to wait—‘‘All our operators are busy. Your call is important to which informative cues direct subjects’ attention to the right or left us and will be answered soon.’’—you’re likely to accept your fate side of a target space. Of course, any breaches in spatial and gaze at the street scene outside your window or doodle on your expectation are symmetrical for either side; a target appearing notepad. But as time passes and still no one has answered, slowly unexpectedly on the left is just as disruptive as one appearing you start to disengage from all other activities—you turn away from unexpectedly on the right. However, because of the predictive the window, you stop doodling—and, as your expectation heightens nature of time’s arrow, a target appearing later than expected is (‘‘Surely it must be my turn by now.’’), you concentrate all your not nearly as disruptive as one appearing sooner than expected; if attentional resources on hearing the operator’s voice. a target still hasn’t appeared by the cued interval, it has to appear The ever-heightening temporal expectation in this everyday later (since it also hasn’t appeared sooner), allowing expectations scenario mirrors the experimental phenomenon of the ‘‘hazard simply to be readjusted to the later time