multi-session transcranial direct current stimulation (tdcs) elicits inflammatory and regenerative processes in the rat brainmulti-session经颅直流电刺激(tdcs)引发炎症在老鼠大脑和再生过程.pdfVIP

Multi-Session Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Elicits Inflammatory and Regenerative Processes in the Rat Brain 1,3 . 1,3. 1,3 1,2 Maria Adele Rueger * , Meike Hedwig Keuters , Maureen Walberer , Ramona Braun , 1,3 1 1,4 3 1,3 Rebecca Klein , Roland Sparing , Gereon Rudolf Fink , Rudolf Graf , Michael Schroeter 1 Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, 2 Center for Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, 3 Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany, 4 Cognitive Neurology Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany Abstract Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is increasingly being used in human studies as an adjuvant tool to promote recovery of function after stroke. However, its neurobiological effects are still largely unknown. Electric fields are known to influence the migration of various cell types in vitro, but effects in vivo remain to be shown. Hypothesizing that tDCS might elicit the recruitment of cells to the cortex, we here studied the effects of tDCS in the rat brain in vivo. Adult Wistar rats (n = 16) were randomized to either anodal or cathodal stimulation for either 5 or 10 consecutive days (500 mA, 15 min). Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was given systemically to label dividing cells throughout the experiment. Immunohistochemical analyses ex vivo included stainings for activated microglia and endogenous neural stem cells (NSC). Multi-session tDCS with t