host sexual dimorphism and parasite adaptation性别上同种二形性宿主和寄生虫适应.pdfVIP

Essay Host Sexual Dimorphism and Parasite Adaptation ¤ David Duneau* , Dieter Ebert University of Basel, Zoological Institute, Basel, Switzerland Abstract: In species with separate For example, the male hormone negative- parasites that adapt differently to each sex, sexes, parasite prevalence and dis- ly affects the efficiency of the immune leading to dimorphism in the parasite ease expression is often different system. Other sex-dependent characteris- population, here called ‘‘host sex–specific between males and females. This tics, however, including morphological, dimorphism’’, 2) parasites that specialize effect has mainly been attributed physiological, behavioral, dietary, and life on only one sex: ‘‘single sex specializa- to sex differences in host traits, history traits, may also contribute to these tion’’, and 3) parasites with phenotypically such as immune response. Here, we observations. plastic traits, whose expression is depen- make the case for how properties Parasite populations are expected to dent on the sex of their host: ‘‘plastic sex- of the parasites themselves can have adapted to the characteristics of their specific disease expression’’. also matter. Specifically, we sug- most common host type [12]. If a parasite We will begin by explaining in more gest that differences between host population evolves mainly in one sex (e.g., detail these three evolutionary scenarios sexes in many different traits, such thos