heterozygosity in an isolated population of a large mammal founded by four individuals is predicted by an individual-based genetic model杂合性在一个孤立的人口的大型哺乳动物由四个人是基于单独的基因预测的模型.pdfVIP

Heterozygosity in an Isolated Population of a Large Mammal Founded by Four Individuals Is Predicted by an Individual-Based Genetic Model 1 ¨ 2 1,3 Jaana Kekkonen , Mikael Wikstrom , Jon E. Brommer * ¨ 1 Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, 2 Dotterbole, Tenhola, Finland, 3 ARONIA Coastal Zone Research Team, Novia University of Applied ˚ ¨ Sciences Abo Akademi University, Ekenas, Finland Abstract Background: Within-population genetic diversity is expected to be dramatically reduced if a population is founded by a low number of individuals. Three females and one male white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus, a North American species, were successfully introduced in Finland in 1934 and the population has since been growing rapidly, but remained in complete isolation from other populations. Methodology/Principal Findings: Based on 14 microsatellite loci, the expected heterozygosity H was 0.692 with a mean allelic richness (AR) of 5.36, which was significantly lower than what was found in Oklahoma, U.S.A. (H = 0.742; AR = 9.07), demonstrating that a bottleneck occurred. Observed H was in line with predictions from an individual-based model where the genealogy of the males and females in the population were tracked and the population’s demography was included. Conclusion: Our findings provide a rare within-population empirical test of the founder effect and suggest that founding a population by a small number of individuals need not have a dramatic impact on heterozygosity in an iteroparous species.