英美概况课件 Chapter 2 History.ppt

Chapter 2 History Sept. 17 Sha Deyu I. The foundation of the nation Summary: 1. The Roman invasion 2. Germanic warriors’ invasions 3. The Vikings and Alfred the Great 4. The Norman Conquest (1066) 5. The House of Anjou (Plantagenet) 6. The Great Charter 7. The origins of the English Parliament 8. The Hundred Years War 9. The wars of the Roses 1. British recorded history begins with the Roman invasion. 1) the Roman invasion In 55BC and 54BC, Julius Caesar, a Roman general, invaded Britain twice. In 43 AD, the Emperor Claudius invaded Britain successfully. Discussion: why did Rome leave Britain and give up its occupation of the Island? 2) Roman’s influence on Britain Many native Celts were driven to Scotland and Wales The Roman built many towns, cities, roads, temples and buildings. They also brought the new religion, Christianity, to Britain. 2. Germanic warriors’ invasions and their conversion to Christianity 1) Germanic warriors’ invasions In the mid-5th century a new wave of invaders, Jutes, Saxons, and Angles came to Britain. The Jutes came to Britain first, followed by the Saxons, and finally came the Angles. 2) Germanic warriors’ conversion to Christianity In 597, Pope Gregory I sent St. Augustine to England to convert the English to Christianity. In 579 St. Augustine (note attached) became the first Archbishop of Canterbury. Note: St. Augustine was remarkably successful in converting the king and the nobility, but the conversion of the common people was largely due to the missionary activities of the monks in the north. By the late 7th century, Rome Christianity became the dominant religion in Britain. 3. The Vikings and Alfred the Great 1) The Viking invaders were the Norwegians and the Danes. They attacked various parts of England from the end of the 8th century. They became a serious problem in the 9th century, especially between 835 and 878. They even managed to capture York, an important center of Christianity in 867. By the middle of