英汉互译-22.pptx

第二十二讲 ;英语状语从句，包括表示时间、条件、目的等的各种从句。尽管引导英语状语从句的从属连词，基本上可以在汉语中找到相对应的关联词，但有时不必翻译。 英语状语从句的位置颇为灵活，置于主句之前或主句之后均可。汉语状语分句一般位于主句之前，偶尔才位于主句之后。 ;时间状语从句的翻译 ;We shall discuss the problem fully before we make the decision. 我们在作出决定之前要充分讨论这个问题。 我们第二次见面时，我发现她比实际年龄显得老一些了。 When we met each other for the second time, I found that she looked older than she was. ;英汉语言表达的习惯差异： 通常汉语的状语从句位于句首，而英语的状语从句可前可后, 以位于后者为多。 英语是一种形合语言，多使用关联词；汉语是一种意合的语言，较少使用关联词。 因此，英译汉时，尽量少用关联词；汉译英时，尽量多用关联词。;;;When winds blow particles against a large rock for a long time, the softer layers of the rock are slowly worn away. 由于风把砂粒刮起来, 碰撞大岩石，久而久之，较松软的岩石层就被慢慢地磨损。 One must sow before one can reap. 只有播种，才能有收获。 ;;翻译成固定句型 我们刚到车站, 火车就开了。 Scarcely had we got to the station before the train left. 计算机刚一启动，就发现有病毒。 Hardly had the computer started working when viruses were found. ;;译成并列分句 The earth turns round its axis as it travels about the sun. 地球一面绕太阳运行, 一面绕地轴自转。 I read a newspaper while I was waiting / I waited. 我边等边看报。 ;原因状语从句的翻译 ;由as引导的原因状语从句通常位于句首；若置于句末，前面应有逗号分开。表示的原因或理由为说话的对方所知道，as通常翻译为“由于”。 since引出的原因状语从句通常位于句首，把已知的事实作为推理的依据，说明的原因或理由是说话的双方所明知的事实，因此，since往往翻译为“既然”。 ;;译成表示原因的分句 They are informal, most likely because they are always in a great hurry. 他们之所以不拘小节, 很可能是因为他们总是处于匆忙之中。 Because his parents had paved a good way for him, he didn’t worry about it at all. 他之所以一点不急，是因为父母已为他铺好了道路。 ;既然发言人不能来，我们不得不取消这次会议。 Since the speaker can’t come, we’ll have to cancel the meeting. ;译为不带关联词、因果关系内含的并列分句 As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, and their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off. 众多家庭搬出安定的社区，离开交往多年的朋友，远离大家庭的其他成员, 日常信息来源就此切断。 ;Since the electrical inventions which Edison had given us were very important, we could not live without them—not for one minute. 爱迪生为我们发明的各种电器太重要了，我们的生活离不开它们——一刻也离不开。 ;条件状语从句的翻译 ;If I could relive my life, I would lead quite a different life, leaving less regrets. 如果我可以重新过日子, 我会生活得截然不同，不会留下这么多遗憾。 只有忠实于事实，才