翻译文本描写.pptVIP

翻译文本描写 翻译研究所 廖七一 Contents Major points of DTS Hypothetical Scheme From the perspective of translation process From Newmark’s ten pullings From Crystal and David’s dimensions From literary criticism The object to be described Approaches to description 1. Major points of DTS “No empirical science can make a claim for completeness and (relative) autonomy unless it has a proper descriptive branch.” (Toury 1995:1) Translation is the real communicative events neither more or less than other linguistic events in the world. 1) Empirical Descriptive translation studies is to “describe the phenomena of translating and translation(s) as they manifest themselves in the world of our experience.” Translation(s) and translating could be described objectively; a translator is a modern doctor, instead of a witch. 2) Value-free and impartiality A translation is taken to be “any target-language utterance which is presented or regarded as such within the target culture, on whatever grounds.” Translation is taken “as it is” , “what a translator actually does?” instead of “it should be”, or “what a translator can do, or should do”. 3) systematic and global The focus is not personal, idiosyncracies or anecdotalism but systematicism; not local but global, not a particular piece of writing but a corpus of translated texts. 4) Target text oriented The translators operate first and foremost in the interest of the culture into which they are translating, and not in the interest of the source text, let alone the source culture. DTS should start from the hypothesis that translations are facts of one system only: the target system. Descriptive translation studies is a target-oriented discipline consisting of “carefully performed studies into well-defined corpuses or sets of problems.” (Toury 1995:1) 5) Functions DTS constitutes the best mans of testing, refuting, and especially modifying and amending the very theory…to examine such areas as decision-making, translation norms the thir