翻译理论和实践第二章语义翻译02.pptVIP

第二讲翻译中的灵活性与多样性 英汉两种语言在语法结构和文化背景方面存在着很大差异，必须根据具体的上下文灵活处理。避免死译。 语法结构方面的差异，比如，英语中的名词、介词处理成汉语中的动词等。 主要看文化方面的灵活处理。 Is the dictionary always useful? 1. When Smith pointed out that he had spread the rumor, he vehemently retorted, “No! No!” 2. He wanted to learn, to know, to teach. 1译：当史密斯指出他散布了这个谣言时，他激烈地反驳说：“没有那回事！没有那回事！” 2译：他想学习，增长知识，也愿意把自己的知识教给别人。 3. Algernon: How are you, my dear Ernest? What brings you up to town? Jack: Oh, pleasure, pleasure! What else should bring one anywhere? 译： 哦，寻欢作乐呀！一个人出门，还为了别的吗？（余光中） “我做译者一向守一个原则：要译原意，不要译原文。” What can we do with abstract nouns? 4. We shall all miss him, but we wish him a long and happy retirement. 原译：我们都会想念他的，但我们希望他有一个长期、愉快的退休。 改译：我们都会想念他的，但我们祝愿他退休后快乐、长寿。 5. Gwendolen: Ernest has a strong upright nature. He is the very soul of truth and honor. Disloyalty would be as impossible to him as deception. 译：他绝对不会见异思迁，也不会作假骗人。（余） “抽象名词这么多，中文最难消化。” Sentence structures? 6. Mary hates to be treated as a child. 7. The engineer has a knowledge of the natural sciences which is acquired by study, experience and practice. 译：工程师的自然科学知识，是通过不断的学与做获得的。 Expressions? 8. The new secretary was rude to the workers, but when she talks to the boss, butter wouldn’t melt in her mouth. 9. Everyone on my farm knows that he or she must sing for his or her supper. 8译：这位新来的秘书对工人们态度很粗鲁，可跟老板谈话时嘴巴却甜甜的。 9译：我农场里的人都明白，必须干活才有饭吃。 Cultural backgrounds? 10. It was another case of those catch-22 situations. You’re damned if you do and you’re damned if you don’t. 11. My wife and I are longing to see Yan’an ----Mecca in our minds. 12. Cicero’s Waterloo was a woman. 13. Our village Hercules has come. ……. 10译：这真是一个左右为难的尴尬局面，做也倒霉，不做也倒霉。 11译：我妻子和我都渴望去看看我们心目中的圣地——延安。 12译：西塞罗栽在一个女人手里。 西塞罗毁在一个女人身上。 13译：我们村的大力士来了。 C-E 14. 禹之时，十年九潦，而水弗为加益；汤之时，八年七旱，而崖不为加损。 In ancient times there were floods nine years out of ten yet the water in the ocean never increased. And later there were droughts seven years out of eight yet the water in the ocean never grew less. 15.（