翻译方法之-直译与意译.ppt

翻译的标准和原则 * * 翻译原则实际上也就是翻译的标准，它们之所以这样说，只是角度不同而已。所谓原则，是从译者的角度来说，即译者在翻译时所遵循的原则。所谓标准，是从读者或评论家的角度来说，即评论译文优劣的标准。翻译的标准是指导翻译实践、检验译文质量、进行翻译批评必不可少的原则和尺度。 I. Definition * II.直译与意译（Literal translation and Free translation） 1.Definition Literal translation strives to reproduce both the ideological content and the style of entire literary work and retain as much as possible the figures of speech and the main sentence structures or patterns. 直译是指译文仍采用原文的表现手段，句子结构和语序不做调整或不做大的调整。 Free translation -----a supplementary means to mainly convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence patterns or figures of speech. 意译是指译文中采用新的等效的表现手段，句子结构也有可能做较大的调整。 * 2. LTFT in translation. A: Put the following expressions into Chinese. 1. to kill two birds with one stone 直译：一石二鸟 意译：一箭双雕；一举两得 2. a drop in the bucket 直译： 一桶水中的一滴 意译：沧海一粟；九牛一毛；微不足道 3. to meet one’s Waterloo 直译：遇见某人的滑铁卢 意译：某人败的一塌糊涂 * 1.Do not lock the stable door after the horse has been stolen. 直译：不要等到马被盗后，才去锁马厩的门。 意译：不要贼走关门。 2.For Kino and Juana this was the morning of mornings of their lives, comparable only to the day when their baby was born. 直译:在基诺和胡安娜看来，这是他们一生中最了不起的早晨，只有宝宝出生的那一天，才可以与之相媲美。 意译：基诺和胡安娜认为，这一天非常重要。 B:Put the following sentences into Chinese. * 3.Compare and discuss the two methods. A. Situations Suitable for Literal Translation a. Total equivalents : b. Though the expressions in two languages are different, we can find the equivalents in the tone of both languages. 1. to keep the room clean and tidy 2. to enrich cultural life 3. to add fuel to the fire 4. to fish in troubled water 保持房间整洁 丰富文化生活 火上浇油 浑水摸鱼 1. I read his letter with both surprise and excitement, surprise because he is still alive, excitement because he didn’t even forget me. 我读到他的信时既惊又喜， 惊的是他还健在， 喜的是他一直没有忘记我。 “Translate literally if possible or appeal to free translation.” 1. I gave my youth to the sea and I came home and gave my wife my old age