翻译理论和实践第二章语义翻译01.pptVIP

第二章 语义翻译 选词法 Diction 理解中的选义——翻译的前提 理解要准确透彻，要依靠上下文，要靠广博的知识。 上下文可以指前后的两三个词，也指前后几句更为宽广的上下文。 这个意义既包括词的本义，也包括词的引申义、比喻义、褒贬义等。 Caution: “Each word when used in a new context is a new word.” “Words do not have meanings, people have meanings for words.” Choice of grammatical meanings 1. Take the cart back to the backyard and back it into the shed at the back of the stable. 译：把牛车拉回到后院，再把它倒到牛棚后面的小屋去。 2. It is neither round nor square. The wheels go round rapidly. The night watchman makes his rounds every hour. 3. Like charges repel; unlike charges attract. In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grains of dust shining like gold. 译：在射入窗内的阳光里，细微的尘埃像金子一般在闪闪发亮。 Like knows like. 词义的选择——right It’s not right for children to sit up late. The plane was right above our heads. She tried her best to right her husband from the charge of robbery. Choice of contextual meanings 4. We passed another town before daylight. I used to pass the whole evening that way. 译：以前我总是这样消磨整个晚上。 We knew what was passing in his mind. 译：我们知道他心里在想什么。 5. He is always painstakingly at his books. Milton’s Paradise Lost consists of twelve books. That’s all I remember, sir, on the Book. 误译：先生，关于这本书，我能想起来的就这些。 改译：凭《圣经》起誓，长官，我记得的就是这些。 Choice of collocative meanings 6. build a bridge build a fire build an answer build one’s confidence 7. They captured fifty enemy soldiers and many weapons. 8. good Christian, good parent, good child, good wife, good husband Choice of stylistic meanings 9. I’m getting chilled to the bone. What can Freddy be doing all this time? (Pygmalion) 译：冷死我了。佛莱第这半天是干什么去了？（杨宪益） 10. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. (Of Studies) 译：读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。（王佐良） Choice of extended meanings 11. Every life has its roses and thorns. 译1：每个人的生活都有甜有苦。 译2：每个人的生活之路都充满了鲜花与荆棘。 译3：每个人的生活都充满了风雨和阳光。 12. The wolf and the pig mingled together in his face. 译1：他一脸的凶残与贪婪。 译2：凶残和贪婪写在他的脸上。 13. There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the imperiali