报废汽车催化剂中铑提取与富集.docVIP

报废汽车催化剂中铑的提取与富集 陈帅1,2, 程垚1,2, 张建涛1,2, 沈少波1,2* (1. 稀贵金属绿色回收与提取北京市重点实验室, 北京 100083; 2. 北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院，北京 100083） 作者简介：陈帅(1989－)，男，山西人，北京科技大学2011级硕士，研究方向：湿法冶金，电话邮箱：312853543@ 摘要：本文研究了催化剂预处理对酸性氯酸盐水氯化法提取报废汽车催化剂中铑的影响，并研究了氯化提取液中铑的锌粉置换。结果表明，优化条件下，O2和H2预处理可以使铑的提取率由55.9%增加到82.7%。锌粉置换过程研究了反应时间、锌粉用量对铑置换率的影响，结果表明，优化的锌粉用量和反应时间分别为20g/L和40分钟在此条件下铑的置换率为85.6%。 关键词：报废汽车催化剂; 铑; 水氯化; 锌粉 中图分类号：TF837 The Extraction and Enrichment of Rh from the Spent Automotive Catalysts Chen Shuai1,2, Cheng yao1,2, Zhang Jiantao1,2,Shen Shaobo1,2* BeiJing Key Lab of Rare Precious Metals Green Recycling and Extraction, Beijing 100083, China; 2. School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China) Abstract: The effect of sample pretreatment with O2 and H2 on leaching?Rh?from?a spent?autocatalyst?with?acidic?sodium?chlorate?solution?and?the?cementation?of?Rh?from the leaching solution was studied. It was found that Rh extraction percentage was increased from 55.9% to 82.7% due to the pretreatment with O2 plus H2 under optimal conditions. The effects of reaction time and zinc powder concentration on Rh cementation are investigated. It was indicated that the optimal zinc powder concentration and time for Rh cementation were 20g/L and 40 min, respectively, and 85.6% of Rh in the leaching solution was cemented. Keywords: spent aut-catalyst, rhodium, pretreatment, extraction, cementation 全世界85% Rh用于汽车尾气净化催化剂的制造[1]。自1999年以来，我国已销售了3000多万辆带有三元催化转化器的机动车，汽车催化剂中铑的总用量约在10t～20t之间。因此，作为二次资源，从失效汽车尾气催化剂中回收利用Rh受到了极大重视[2]。此工作研究了催化剂预处理对水氯化法提取铑的影响，水氯化法用酸性氯酸钠溶液做铑的提取剂，这个工作国内外未见报道。同时本工作还研究了上述氯化提取液中铑的锌粉置换。目前已报道了许多从提取液中回收铂族金属方法, 如还原沉淀法、溶剂萃取法、离子交换法、等离子熔炼法等[3-5]。 1 实验部分 1.1仪器与主要试剂 HH-S 数显恒温水浴箱, 温度误差±1，CJ-882A智能数显磁力搅拌器，UV765紫外可见分光光度计，DHG-9023A型电热鼓风干燥箱。实验所用盐酸,硫酸双氧水和锌粉均为分析纯，实验用水均为去离子水。 实验中的原料来自丰田报废汽车催化剂，经破碎、烘干、筛分的。试验中所用原料粒度在200-250目。原料的化学组成见表1。 表1 报废汽车催化剂组分 Table 1 Chemical compositions of the auto-catalyst used in this work Rh Pt Pd SiO2 MgO Al2O3