以功能对等理论解决史学著作翻译中的难题 _ 以《致命的海岸》节译为例.pdfVIP

摘要 20 世界 90 年代之前，奈达功能对等理论（functional equivalence ）在中国翻译界 最为风行，达到“言必称奈达，不提奈达发不了文章”的程度，这证明该理论有很 大价值和指导意义。此次翻译，笔者选取了于 1987 年问世的史学巨作《致命的海岸》 中第九章的三、四小节进行翻译，笔者努力运用奈达的功能对等理论来解决节译部分 遇到的难题。翻译过程中，笔者发现节译部分有以下难题：首先，该部分史料丰 富，有时人信件、日记、报道、歌谣、和诗歌等形式，内容丰富、风格不一，如何 处理好史料内容是本次翻译一大难题；其次，作者的写作风格独树一帜，引用史实 时转接自然，在叙述部分则层次清晰、语言精练、用典准确恰当，如何把握和传递 原文写作风格成为第二大难题；最后，由于英语和汉语处于两种不同语系，两者之 间存在巨大差距；澳大利亚文化和中国文化之间也存在巨大差距，如何在翻译中处 理这种跨文化的语言差距，就成了一个更大的问题。优秀翻译能够“用另一种语言 完整传达信息，译入语读者在阅读译文的时候，可以清楚地理解、强烈地感受到原 文带给原语读者的感受”。因此在翻译时，如何运用功能对等理论，对原文信息进 行适当的调整，从而达到译文与原文的动态对等，就成为本文研究的目标。 关键词：功能对等 史学专著 史料翻译 风格传译 文化传递 ii Abstract From 1979 to 1990, Nina’s dynamic equivalence (later evolved into functional equivalence) was so popular in China that almost every essay printed in academic magazines was related to the theory one way or another. That means functional equivalence, which attaches greater importance to the receptor response than to the source message, has its own charm and can guide translating practice. I used the theory as my major strategy when translating the excerpt from the great history book the Fatal Shore, which, covering a history of the transportation of convicts to Australia from 1787 to 1868, has been prized for the fine quality of its writing. Therefore, the following three problems emerged in the process of translating. Firstly, the book is full of such detailed historical materials as letters, folk songs, poems, reports from officials, whose style is different from the overall style demonstrated in the book. Whether a translator can translate properly the cited materials will determine the quality of translation. Secondly, as an art critic for TIME magazine