英语教学法知识点.docxVIP

1， Structural view of language sees languages as a linguistic system made up of various subsystems (Larsen-FreemanLong): Phonology, morphology, syntax. 语言的结构观把语言看作是由各种子系统组成的语言系统（弗里曼朗）：音位学、形态学、句法。 suggesting, advising, and apologizing.offering,2， Functional view: communicative needs of the learner (Johnson and Marrow), the functional view not only sees languages as a linguistic system but also a means for doing things. Most of our day-to-day language use involves functional activities: suggesting, advising, and apologizing. offering, 功能观：学习者的交际需求（约翰逊和马罗），功能观不仅把语言看作一种语言系统，而且把语言看作一种做事的手段。我们日常使用的大部分语言都涉及功能性活动：提供、建议和道歉。 3， Interactional view: the interactional view considers language to be a communicative tool, whose main use is to build up and maintain social relationsbetween people. social relations 互动观：互动观认为语言是一种交际工具，其主要作用是建立和维护人与人之间的社会关系。 4， Behaviourist theory: the way human acquires language ( Harmer). Based on their experiments, Watson and Raynor formulated a stimulus-responsetheory of psychology. The key point of the theory of conditioning is that “ you can train an animal to do stimulus-response stimulus,response, stimulus, response, and reinforcement”(Harmer) 行为主义理论：人类获取语言的方式（哈默）。基于他们的实验， 华生和雷诺制定了心理学的刺激反应理论。条件作用理论的关键是，“如果你遵循一个有三个主要阶段：刺激、反应和强化的特定程序，你可以训练一只动物做任何事情（在理性范围内）。” loosely5， Cognitive theory: the term cognitivism is often used to loosely thinkdescribe methods in which students are asked to rather than think simply repeat( Noam Chomsky, Skinner) P5 认知理论：认知主义这个术语经常被松散地用来描述要求学生思考而不是简单重复的方法（诺姆·乔姆斯基，斯金纳）p5。 6， Constructivist theory: it is believed that education is used to develop the mind, not just to rote recall what is learned. Teachers need to design environments and interact with learners to foster inventive, creative, critical inventive, creative, critical 建构主义理论：人们认为教育是用来发展思想的，而不仅仅是用来死记硬背所学的东西。教师需要设计环境并与学习者互动， 以培养创新性、创造性和批判性的学习者（约翰·杜威） 7， Socio-constructivist theory: represented by Vygotsky emphasizes interaction and engagement wit