根据文章体裁进行文章阅读的教学实践研究--说明文(郭静莉).docVIP

《根据文章体裁进行文章阅读的教学实践研究》 高中课本文章体裁说明文阅读方法指导（二） 郭 静 莉 说明文是以说明为主的表达方式，用简明的语言说明事物，阐明事理，介绍一些科技方面的信息，使人们获得某一事物的知识和道理；或是对事物的形状、性质、特征、成果或功用等进行介绍、解释或阐述的文章。说明文说明事物特征的方法很多，主要有分类法、定义法、提问法、解释法、对比法、数字法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。因此，把握所说明的事物的特征和本质，体会作者是怎样安排说明顺序，是理解说明文的关键。说明文：提出问题(说明要点)，分析问题(说明过程)，解决问题(说明结果)；Expository Writing）是一种章法灵活、结构复杂的文体。这类文章常常包含大量的事实（facts）和观点（ideas），学生多因其头绪复杂而失去理解的重心。把握事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键，只要了解这种文体的结构特征，这些文章的脉络就会变得十分清晰。 在教学中，教师可以把说明文按照事物、事理、数字、解释、科技和举例等进一步分为以下几类： 1 ．事物说明文 它包括国别地方介绍、天文地理、行为变化等。这类文章的特点是：说明有一定顺序，关于地理、历史、风土人情等方面信息量大。如： Unit 22 Lesson86 Reading BRITAIN AND IRELAND On the right is a map of the islands of Britain and Ireland. The larger of the two islands is Britain, which lies to the east of Ireland. The two are separated by the Irish Sea. The letters “UK” stand for “The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.” The UK is made up of four countries. In the north is Scotland, with its capital Edinburgh. Scotland has many lakes and mountains, and is famous for its beautiful countryside. Wales lies to the west of England. Its capital is Cardiff. Everyone there can speak English, but the first language in North Wales is Welsh. There are Welsh newspapers. Programmes on the radio and TV are in Welsh. The countryside here is very beautiful too, with lots of mountains and rivers. There used to be a lot of coal mines in the south, but many of them have been closed, or are about to be closed. England, the largest country in Britain, is in the southeast. Its capital is London, which is also the capital of the UK. London lies on the River Thames and has a population of seven million. Much of England is rather flat, although there are hills in the northeast and in the center of the country. Ireland is divided into two countries. In the north, Northern Ireland, with its capital Belfast, is part of the United Kingdom. The southern part of the island is a separate country, called the Republic of Ireland with Dublin as its capital. Generally, the weather in Bri