改变符号：莫斯科的地名改建工程[外文翻译].docVIP

本科毕业设计（论文） 外 文 翻 译 原文： Changing Symbols: The Renovation of Moscow Place Names one of the most important problems confronting a new regime is the generation of a sense of its legitimacy. This is crucial for its survival and long-term stability. One of the key aspects of this is through the manipulation of symbols. Through their ability to capture the moment, to reduce complex events to more simplistic and understandable cameos and thereby to establish meaning, to provoke passions of fervent commitment (and, among some, violent opposition),and more generally their ability simply to represent complex ideas and events and embed them within the popular consciousness and culture, symbols can facilitate an acceptance of the new regime and what it stands for. Symbols can legitimate action and belief and,by helping to define many of the collective values that underpin the community,help to identify the bounds of the society and the principles by which it is governed.Overwhelmingly,political symbolism legitimates the regime’s power structure. Accordingly,when a regime falls,its successor will be anxious to replace the symbolic culture of the fallen regime by a new one better suited to its ends.The generation of new symbols like flags,coats of arms,and anthems,the destruction of old and construction of new monuments,the creation of new rituals or the injection of new content into existing rituals,and even the reworking of the language(through the injection of new words,the changing of the meaning of existing terms,and the elimination of some words)in order to invest it with a new ethos have all been important to the creation of a new regime’s symbolic culture. A central component of the creation of a new symbolic culture is the renaming of street and place names.These are important because they combine a geographical sense of direction and place with an intellectual,perhaps even ideological,sense of direction and place.Functionally,place names enable people to locate themse