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国外营销论文02Mitchell_James_2001_AMR.pdf

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国外营销论文02Mitchell_James_2001_AMR

? Academy of Management Review 2001, Vol. 26, No. 4, 530-547. TIME THE BETTERTHEORY: AND BUILDING OF WHEN HAPPEN SPECIFICATION THINGS TERENCE R. MITCHELL University of Washington LAWRENCE R. JAMES University of Tennessee In any investigation of a causal relationship between an X and a Y, the time when X and Y are measured is crucial for determining whether X causes Y, as well as the true strength of that relationship. Using past research and a review of current research, we develop a set of X,Y configurations that describe the main ways that causal relation- ships are represented in theory and tested in research. We discuss the theoretical, methodological, and analytical issues pertaining to when we measure X and Y and discuss the implications of this analysis for constructing better organizational theories. Our purpose in this article is to discuss a very covers the topic in the organizational research specific issue concerning time and organization- area, and Clark (1985) discusses time in the field al theory. It is our contention that when a hy- of sociology. Other papers focus on narrower pothesis involving causal relationships