3.翻译方法fu.pptVIP

　《新编英汉翻译教程 》  A NEW COURSEBOOK ON ENGLISH-CHINESE TRANSLATION 第三章 翻译方法 I. Different Methods of Translation  （翻译的不同方法）  literal translation（直译） liberal (free) translation（意译） Foreignizing /Foreignization / Alienation / Dissimilation （异化） Domesticating/ Domestication / Assimilation／Adaptation（归化） II. 直译与意译 直译 (literal translation) 意译 (liberal/free translation) 国内外都出现过所谓的直译派和意译派。英国的纽马克是直译派的代表；美国的奈达就是意译派的代表，中国译坛的直译、意译之争也相当激烈。但不少翻译家或翻译理论家经过争论后达成了一个共识：直译和意译应该互相兼容补充。 1． 直译 (literal translation) 1）definition: generally speaking, literal translation means “not to alter the original words and sentences”; It takes sentences as its basic units and the whole text into consideration at the same time in the course of translation. It strives to reproduce both the ideological content and style of the entire work and retain as much as possible the figures of speech and main sentence structures or patterns 直译是既忠实于原文内容又忠实于原文形式的翻译方法。它把忠实于原文内容放在第一位，把忠实于原文形式放在第二位，把译文的通顺流畅放在第三位。一般说来，如果译文能够以与原文相同的形式再现与原文相同的内容，就可采用直译的方法。 Whether or not vegetarianism should be advocated for adults, it is definitely unsatisfactory for growing children. 无论在成年人当中是否应该提倡这种饮食习惯，素食主义对于正在成长发育的孩子们来说是绝对不足取的。 2) Argument for and against the literal and free translations 茅盾：“…所谓‘直译’者,倒并非一定是‘字对字’,一个也不多,一个也不少。…‘直译’的意义就是不要歪曲了原作的面目，要能表达原作的精神” (I think that the so-called literal translation is by no means the word-for-word translation, exactly judging by the words and phrases of the original. It should mean expressing the original spirit without distorting the original features.) 朱光潜： “所谓”直译“是指以原文的字面翻译，有一字一句就译一字一句，而且字句的次第不更动。” （The so-called literal translation is to translate something literally, that is, the translation version will be definitely determined word for word, phrase for phrase, and the sequence of words and phrases will not be changed.) 巴金：我觉得翻译的方法其实只有一种，并没有“直译”和“意译”的分别。好的翻译应该都是“直译”，也都是“意译” 。（《一点感想》，《翻译通报》第2卷第5期，1951年5月） I feel that there exists only one tr