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Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2010, 7, 1076- 1092; doi:10.3390/ijerph7031076 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ISSN 1660-4601 /journal/ijerph Review A New View of Alcohol Metabolism and Alcoholism—Role of the High-Km Class Ⅲ Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH3) Takeshi Haseba * and Youkichi Ohno Department of Legal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan; E-Mail: ohno@nms.ac.jp * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: E-Mail: hasebat@nms.ac.jp; Tel.: +81-03-3822; Fax: +81-03-5814-5680. Received: 4 January 2010; in revised form: 12 February 2010 / Accepted: 22 February 2010 / Published: 15 March 2010 Abstract: The conventional view is that alcohol metabolism is carried out by ADH1 (Class I) in the liver. However, it has been suggested that another pathway plays an important role in alcohol metabolism, especially when the level of blood ethanol is high or when drinking is chronic. Over the past three decades, vigorous attempts to identify the enzyme responsible for the non-ADH1 pathway have focused on the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) and catalase, but have failed to clarify their roles in systemic alcohol metabolism. Recently, using ADH3-null mutant mice, we