肝的生物化学（Biochemistry of the liver）.docVIP

肝的生物化学（Biochemistry of the liver） Biochemistry of the liver Test site: The role of the liver in substance metabolism, including the role of the liver in sugar, lipids, proteins, vitamins, and hormone metabolism; Metabolism of bile pigment: the formation and transport of bilirubin, the transformation of bilirubin in the liver, the transformation of bilirubin in the intestine, the intestinal circulation of bile pigment, serum bilirubin and jaundice; Biotransformation of liver, type of reaction and physiological significance of biotransformation. A key： The role of the liver in substance metabolism, metabolism of bile pigments, biotransformation, jaundice. Difficult point: The concept and significance of biotransformation, monooxygenase, unconjugated bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, bile pigment, bile pigment, intestinal circulation, bile acid, intestinal circulation, jaundice, bile, and bile. I. The role of liver in substance metabolism (1) the role of liver in glucose metabolism Glucose metabolism in the liver not only provides energy for its own physiological activities, but also provides glucose for the energy of other organs. The liver maintains the blood sugar concentration through the synthesis and decomposition of glycogen and the gluconeogenesis of sugar, ensuring the energy supply of the tissues of the body, especially the brain and red blood cells. In the satiation state, the glucose in the liver is converted to carbon dioxide and water, and a large amount of glucose is stored as glycogen. On an empty stomach, the liver glycogen breaks down and releases blood sugar, which is used by the central nervous system and red blood cells. Under starvation, the glycogen was almost exhausted. Gluconeogenesis becomes the main route for the liver to supply blood sugar. Some non sugar substances, such as glycerol, lactic acid and alanine, are converted into sugars through the gluconeogenesis pathway in the liver. After 24~48 hours fasting, the maximum rate of gluconeogene