genome-wide effects of long-term divergent selection全基因组的影响长期的选择.pdfVIP

Genome-Wide Effects of Long-Term Divergent Selection 1 1 2 ¨ 1,3 Anna M. Johansson , Mats E. Pettersson , Paul B. Siegel , Orjan Carlborg * 1 Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden, 2 Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America, 3 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Abstract To understand the genetic mechanisms leading to phenotypic differentiation, it is important to identify genomic regions under selection. We scanned the genome of two chicken lines from a single trait selection experiment, where 50 generations of selection have resulted in a 9-fold difference in body weight. Analyses of nearly 60,000 SNP markers showed that the effects of selection on the genome are dramatic. The lines were fixed for alternative alleles in more than 50 regions as a result of selection. Another 10 regions displayed strong evidence for ongoing differentiation during the last 10 generations. Many more regions across the genome showed large differences in allele frequency between the lines, indicating that the phenotypic evolution in the lines in 50 generations is the result of an exploitation of standing genetic variation at 100s of loci across the genome. ¨ Citation: Johansson AM, Pettersson ME, Siegel PB, Carlborg O (2010) Genome-Wide Effects of Long-Term Divergent Selection. PLoS Genet 6(11): e1001188. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1001188 Editor: Bruce Walsh, University of Arizona, Uni