第十讲 非语言沟通与文化(.pptxVIP

第十讲 非语言沟通与文化（下）;本章知识结构框架;第三节 非语言沟通的种类;一、举止动态学;1、脸部表情 人的脸部表情千变万化，内心的情绪很容易在面部呈现出来;人类情绪的表达与脸部表情的种类，不管任何文化，都有其一致性。 ;不同的文化，可能赋予其不同含义： Facial Expressions: East Doesnt Meet WestA study in the journal Current Biology finds that Eastern and Western facial expressions related to emotional states may differ enough for possible nonverbal miscommunication. Cynthia Graber reports.;Westerners traveling to Asia may expect some language barriers. Perhaps enthusiastic facial expressions will help them be understood. Well, not so fast. According to research published August 13th in the journal Current Biology, Easterners and Westerners might not speak the same facial language.;University of Glasgow researchers enlisted 13 Western Caucasians and 13 East Asians. They had everyone examine pictures of expressive faces that were labeled according to a recognized western system called the Facial Action Coding System. The faces were purported to be happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry or neutral, and the participants categorized them as such. Turns out the East Asians were less likely to categorize the faces by western standards.;By tracking the subject’s eye movements, researchers concluded that Westerners look at whole faces. But Easterners kept their focus mainly on the eye region. So while Westerners may use their whole faces to show that they’re elated, Easterners may express that feeling mainly around their eyes. ;Which means that facial expressions are not a universal language. That’s a fact that international travelers are sooner or later forced to face. ;2、眼睛接触（eye contact） 人类的眼睛不仅会说话，而且是： 灵魂之窗 情感之镜 智慧之塘;不同文化间，眼睛沟通存在一致性;但是，眼睛沟通也存在一定的文化差异。如： Eye Contact: Gaze Italy: Common, ok Middle East: Respect USA: Informal occasion： sexual invitation ;Eye Contact:;3、手势（Hand gestures） 手势是非语言交际的重要方式之一 手势所能表达的含义多种多样，因此文化差异也尤为凸显。 如： 用手指头连续从1数到5 中国人： 先打开手掌，然后手???往掌心弯曲 英美人： 先握拳，然后手指一个个伸出来;What do they mean?;Thumb-up;OK;V Sign;V Sign;Corna ;Curled Finger;Moutza ;4、