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Mechanical properties of contact lenses The contribution of measurement techniques and clinical feedback to 50 years of materials development.pdf

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Mechanical properties of contact lenses The contribution of measurement techniques and clinical feedback to 50 years of materials development.pdf

Contact Lens and Anterior Eye 40 (2017) 70–81 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Contact Lens and Anterior Eye journal homepage: /locate/clae Review article Mechanical properties of contact lenses: The contribution of measurement techniques and clinical feedback to 50 years of materials development Tarnveer Singh Bhamra*, Brian J. Tighe Biomaterials Research Unit, Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK ARTICLE INFO Article history: Received 24 March 2016 Received in revised form 9 November 2016 Accepted 11 November 2016 Keywords: Contact lens Mechanical properties Modulus Compression Tension Shear ABSTRACT Purpose: This review summarises the way in which mechanical property measurements combined with clinical perception have in?uenced the last half century of materials evolution in contact lens development. Methods: Literature concerning the use of in-vitro testing in assessment of the mechanical behaviour of contact lenses, and the mutual deformation of the lens material and ocular tissue was examined. Tensile measurements of historic and available hydrogel lenses have been collected, in addition to manufacturergenerated ?gures for the moduli of commercial silicone hydrogel lenses. Results: The three conventional modes of mechanical property testing; compression, tension and shear each represent different perspective in understanding the mutual interaction of the cornea and the contact lens. Tensile testing provides a measure of modulus, together with tensile strength and elongation to break, which all relate to handling and durability. Studies under compression also measure modulus and in particular indicate elastic response to eyelid load. Studies under shear conditions enable dynamic mechanical behaviour of the material to be assessed and the elastic and viscous components of modulus to be determined. These different methods of measurement have contributed to the interpretation of lens behaviou