画图策略在小学数学高学段解决问题教学中的应用研究.docxVIP

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摘要

画图策略是通过画图的方式对问题进行表述，抓住问题中的已知条件，明确题目要求，理清信息，从而梳理解题思路、预测问题结果的解题方式。在教学中运用画图策略，为小学生的形象思维和抽象思维搭建了桥梁，培养了学生的发散思维，提高了教学效率和学生解题效率。

本研究以实习学校的五、六年级为研究对象,通过问卷和访谈,从学生和教师两个层面对小学生运用画图策略解决问题能力的现状进行调查。调查结果发现，小学高学段学生在运用画图策略解决问题的教学现状中主要存在以下几方面的问题：学生画图意识和能力薄弱、学生对画图策略的选择不够明确、学生被动使用画图技巧和教师忽略画图技巧的传授。造成以上问题的主要原因有：学生未领悟到画图策略的价值、教师对画图策略的认知偏差、教师专业素养缺失和教师教学方式不恰当。并基于存在的问题提出了针对性的教学建议：渗透画图思想，培养画图意识；重视教学过程，掌握画图策略；给予画图自主，发展画图思维。

关键词：画图策略解决问题解决问题教学小学高学段

Abstract

Drawingstrategyistoexpresstheproblembydrawing,grasptheknownconditionsintheproblem,clarifytherequirementsoftheproblem,clarifytheinformation,andthensortouttheproblem-solvingideasandpredicttheresultsoftheproblem.Thedrawingstrategyisusedinteachingtobuildabridgebetweenelementaryschoolstudentsimagethinkingandabstractthinking,cultivatestudentsdivergentthinking,andimproveteachingefficiencyandstudentsproblem-solvingefficiency.

Thepapertakesfifthandsixthgradestudentsininternshipschoolsastheresearchobject.Throughquestionnairesandinterviews,asurveyisconductedonthecurrentsituationofstudentsproblem-solvingabilityusingdrawingstrategiesfromthetwolevelsofstudentsandteachers.Thesurveyresultsshowthattherearemainlyproblemsintheteachingstatusofstudentsinhighschoolintheuseofdrawingstrategiestosolveproblemsinthefollowingaspects:studentsweakdrawingawarenessandability,studentsunclearchoiceofdrawingstrategies,studentspassiveuseofdrawingskillsandteachersneglectofteachingdrawingskills.Themaincausesoftheaboveproblemsare:studentsdonotunderstandthevalueofdrawingstrategy,teacherscognitivedeviationofdrawingstrategy,teacherslackofprofessionalqualityandteachersinappropriateteachingmethods.Basedontheexistingproblems,theauthorputsforwardsomespecificteachingsuggestions:infiltratingtheideaofdrawingandcultivatingtheconsciousnessofdraw