基于TLS技术的危岩体变形监测方法研究-摄影测量与遥感专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 地面激光扫描技术是一种新型数据获取技术，它能够快速、高精度并以非接触方式 直接获取研究对象表面的空间三维数据，并且具有较高的采样率，改变了传统的单点变 形观测方式，可以较为准确的表达地学对象的真实复杂的状况，在空间信息科学领域三 维数据实时获取显得尤为重要。与传统测绘技术相比，三维激光扫描技术在信息提取方 面的自动化程度更高，它不需要布设传统测量中观测点，就能够获取测区海量数据，为 研究变形监测提供了更多详细数据。 三维激光扫描技术获取的大量离散地形点云数据，需要重建地表模型才能在变形监 测这个领域中应用。本文首先阐述了地面三维激光扫描的工作原理，分析了数据获取中 影响地面激光扫描精度的因素，并用实测数据给出了两块区域的误差量。阐述了两种点 云配准方法：迭代最近点法（ICP）及基于最小二乘的三维表面配准（LS3D）方法。分 别介绍了利用点云进行曲面拟合及点云内插生成数字表面模型方法在变形监测中的应 用。最后采用 Leica HDS 8800 系统，以重庆鸡冠岭危岩体为例，对其危岩体表面进行多 期重复扫面，以第一期数据作为基准数据，其后的每期数据首先利用 LS3D 配准方法进 行整体配准，并把第一期数据生成不规则三角网，计算点到面的距离为当前点的形变量； 利用 ICP 算法配准，通过拟合三次曲面及内插数字表面模型来分析形变量，探索了该技 术用于高倾斜危岩体三维建模和监测的可能性，为基于该技术的隐患特征突出的危岩体 滑坡和崩塌监测提供思路。 关键词： TLS；配准；误差；曲面拟合；危岩体 i Abstract Terrestrial laser scanning technology is a new data acquisition technique. It can direct access 3D space data to the surface of the object of study with fast, high accuracy and non-contact. And it has a higher sampling rate. Traditional way of single-point deformation observation has been changed. It can more accurate expression the complex situation. It is very important that a 3D real-time access to data in spatial information science. Compared with traditional mapping technology, 3D laser scanning technology improved the level of automation to extract information. It does not require layout measuring points can be intensive, comprehensive data collection for the survey area to provide a more comprehensive study of experimental data for the deformation monitoring. A large number of discrete terrain point cloud data acquired from 3D laser scanning technology can’t be applied to deformation monitoring to field directly. This paper introduces the 3D laser scanning technology to analyze the factors affecting the data acquisition accuracy of terrestrial laser scanning, and use the measured data shows the amount of error in the two regions. Describe two point cloud registration methods: Iterative closest point method (ICP) and least squares 3D surface and curve matching (LS3D) method. Describe the surface fitting