Conformiy, Compliance, and Obedience 整合，合规，服从.pptVIP

Compliance Obedience Conformity Differences between influence Obedience Gas chambers were built, death camps were guarded, daily quotas of corpses were produced with the same efficiency as the manufacture of appliances. Theses inhuman policies may have originated in the mind of a single person, but they could only be carried out on a massive scale if a very large number of persons obeyed orders. (Stanley Milgram, 1963) Milgram’s study: Some facts Original study: No vocal response After 300-volts – pounding to the wall. After 315 – no response. Results: 65% full obedience. Average shock level: Switch 27 (410 volts). Variations of Milgram’s studyStudy 2. Pain exclaiming, vocal protests Results: 62.5% full obedience Average shock level: switch 25 (370 volts) Study 3. (Milgram) Closer proximity between the learner and the teacher. Results: 40% full obedience Average : switch 21 (320 volts) Study 4. (Milgram) The teacher was required to hold the learner’s hand down on a plate. Results: 30% full obedience Average : switch 18 (260 volts) What factors affect how influential the authority figure is? Immediate contact with the authority figure. What factors affect how obedient the participants are? Immediate contact with the victim Previous relationship with the victim. Other variations When they were asked not a single student predicted obedience to the end. The highest prediction was 210 volts. Self-selection : Average switch 6. Obedience to Authority: Milgram Video While you watching the video, please, think of several things: Was it an ethical study? Why or why not? How realistic the situation was? Could it happen in a real –life situation? Can it happen now the similar way it happened 40 years ago? Obedience Ethical Criticisms: Baumrind (1964) argued that Milgram had no ethical right to subject his participants to such torment. No informed consent Led to believe they caused harmed Negatively or adversely affected the self-esteem or self-wor