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1.7 patterns of exposition: Exemplification: a method of supporting a thesis statement with a series of specific examples or a single extended example. Process analysis: a step-by-step explanation of how to do something, or how something works/is done or made, or how something happened. Cause-effect analysis: a method of explaining why certain things happen or analyzing what will happen as a result. Comparison and contrast: comparison shows similarity while contrast shows difference. Classification: a method of grouping objects, people, or ideas systematically. Definition(下定义): Standard/formal definition is used to explain a term or concept your audience or readers may not know or understand. Connotative/personal definition is used to explain nay word or that does not have the same meaning for everyone. Extended definition is used to explore a topic by examining its various meanings and implications. Analogy(类推---延伸的比喻): an extended comparison based on the similar features of two things of different classes, one familiar or easily understood, the other unfamiliar, abstract, or complicated. 2.4 types of essays: Narrative essays (记叙文), relate a sequence of events, whether factual or not Descriptive essays (描写), create a word picture of a scene, a person, or an object Expositive essays (说明),explain—to inform, instruct, clarify, illustrate or define Argumentative essays(议论),state an opinion and defend it logically 3.2 types of outline: Topic outline, which uses only key words and phrases Sentence outline, which uses complete sentences 4.3 parts of an exposition: Introduction, Body: consists of paragraphs that prove your thesis. Conclusion: a summary of the main points, or a restatement of your thesis in different words; final comment on the subject, based on the information you have provided. 5.2 types of process analysis Directive process analysis: aimed at explaining how to do or make something Informative process analysis: explaining how something is done/works or h