流行性感冒知识介绍.pptVIP

Complications Reyes syndrome: The disease causes fatty liver with minimal inflammation, and severe encephalopathy (with swelling of the brain). The liver may become slightly enlarged and firm, and jaundice is not usually present. Early diagnosis is vital, otherwise death or severe brain damage may follow. Laboratory findings Blood routine test WBC counts are variable, frequently being low early in illness and normal or slightly elevated later. while leukocytosis with more than 15,000 cells/ml raises the suspicion to secondary bacterial infection. Laboratory findings Virus isolation Isolation the virus from throat swabs, nasopharyngeal wash, or sputum. virus usually is detected in tissue culture or the amniotic cavity of chick embryos within 48-72 h after inoculation. Real-time RT-PCR is the recommended test as others are unable to differentiate between pandemic H1N1/09 and regular seasonal flu Laboratory findings Serum tests Fourfold or greater titer rises as detected by HAI or CF or significant rises as measured by ELISA are diagnostic of acute infection. viral antigens: indirect immunofluorescence, enzyme immunoassays. Diagnosis Influenza season– winter and spring Clinic manifestations: Laboratory findings: Differential diagnosis On clinical grounds alone, an individual case of influenza may be difficult to differentiate from an acute respiratory illness caused by any of a variety of respiratory viruses or by mycoplasma pneumoniae.----virus isolation and serum test or antigens detect are very important. Leptospirosis; calf muscle tenderness, lymphadenopathy Treatment 1 General treatment Rest, maintain hydration. symptomatic treatment: acetaminophen or salicylates The use of salicylates should be avoided in children below 18 years of age (reye’s syndrome). codeine-containing compounds : Antibiotics for the secondary bacterial infection. 2 antiviral therapy: M2 inhibitors: amantadine a