中国古代概况.docVIP

Section 1 The Geographical Surroundings and the Economic Structure of the Chinese Culture The Chinese culture can be defined as a cultural system rich in distinct national style which took shape within the terrain of China. The culture includes the spiritual culture and behavioral culture as well as their materialized presentations. It is these cultural forms that typify the fundamental features of the Chinese culture. It belongs to the historical category, having undergone 5 000-year development before it turns into today’s splendid sight, both extensive and profound. To some extent the Chinese culture indicates the Chinese tradition. Meanwhile it can be relegated to the national category. After a long process of relatively independent development followed by the collision and exchange afterwards between China and foreign countries, the Chinese culture assumed unique characteristics, became an outstanding member in the brilliant global family of national cultures, and grew to be a main representative of Oriental national cultures. For anyone to understand the basic national conditions of ancient China, the Chinese culture is a must, and vice versa. The basic national conditions in China owed its formation to the development of the Chinese culture in the specific historical background and geographical surroundings. Grasping the basic national conditions promises an indispensable channel to the Chinese culture. The following is an introduction of the Chinese culture from the perspectives of the geographical surroundings, economic structure, and historical development and traits. 第一节 地理环境和经济结构 中国文化指产生发展于中国地域内的一种富有鲜明的民族特色的文化体系。我们这里讲的主要是精神文化和行为文化，以及这些精神文化和行为文化的某些物化的文化形式。这些文化形式最典型地反映展示了中国文化的概要面貌和基本特征。中国文化是一个历史的范畴，它经历了50000年的发展才形成了今天的面貌，底蕴厚重，博大精深。中国文化在某种程度上指的就是传统文化。同时它又是一个民族的范畴，在长期的相对独立的发展以及中外文化的冲撞交流中，以我为主，中国文化形成了自己的特色，卓然立于世界民族文化之林，成为东方民族文化的主要代表。了解中国的基本国情，必须要了解中国文化。反之亦然。中国的基本国情，是中国文化的发展在特定的历史背景和地理环境下形成的，而把握中国的基本国情，也是我们了解中国文化的必要门径。下面依次介绍中国文化形成的地理环境、社会人文背景、历史发展和基本特征。 The