Linguistics调整后Lecture14Cognitivelinguistics幻灯片.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * A famous example in English is the transition of the lexical verb “go” into an auxiliary used to express the future tense. Compare the following examples (Ungerer Schmid, 1996: 255): (25) a. Susan’s going to London next month. b. She’s going to London to work at our office. c. She’s going to work at our office. d. You’re going to like her. e. You’re gonna like her. f. You gonna like her. (non-standard) In these examples, the development starts out from the use of the word “go” as a verb of motion with a directive adverbial. This applies to (25a,b) although (25b) has an adverbial of purpose. (25c) indicates the turning point. The directional adverbial is omitted, and now the meaning focuses on the subject’s intention which is to be realized in the future. (25d) takes us one step further because the subject here is no longer an agent, but rather the experiencer of an attitude (the affection towards Susan). The meaning of “going to” is no longer intentional, but a kind of prediction based on the present situation. (25e, f) do not change the semantic meaning, but record the phonological changes which accompany the transition of “going to” into a grammatical form “gonna”. Grammaticalization brings about typical changes in the meanings and distribution of forms. One of these is that, when a lexical form becomes a grammatical morpheme, the original form may remain as an autonomous element and undergo the same changes as other lexical items. As a result, both the lexical and the grammatical forms coexist. This divergence has happened with the Old English adjective “ān” (one, a certain), which was grammaticalized as the indefinite article “a(n)”, but continued to exist in its original lexical form as “one” (as well as in the affixed forms “any”, “once”, “alone”, “lone” and “only”). Another characteristic of gramma