高中英语语法精讲精练---定语从句.docVIP

定语从句 关系代词(relative pronouns) who, whom, which, that, as, whose等跟在先行词的后面，指代先行词，引出定语从句。 在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语的作用。 先行词 人 事物 人+事物 主语 who /that which / that that 宾语 whom / who /that which / that that 表语 that that that 定语 whose whose / of which / 注意(whom which)： whom which做介词宾语时，介词常可提前，即介词+whom/which+从句，此时whom which不能由who或that代替，不能省略。 e.g. This is the man from whom your son always begs money. The chair on which she is sitting is made of wood. 但当介词置于从句末尾时，whom可以由who或that代替，which可由that代替，都能省略。 e.g. This is the man (whom / that / who) your son always begs money from. 有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可拆开，一般还是放在动词之后，不提前。 He is the student who the teachers are looking for. The number of the children who she takes care of is 30. 动词短语是否可以拆分，关键看拆分后与拆分前的意思是否相同。如果意思不变，可以拆分，否则不行。 that的用法 1)that可作定语从句中的主语（取代who或which），宾语（取代who或whom或which） 2)关系代词作表语，必须使用that，指代人或物，可以省略。 e.g. My father is no longer the man (that) he was. My hometown is not the small town that it used to be twenty years ago. 3)that的特殊用法 必须使用that的情况。 Do you have something that is very difficult to understand? All（that）I can do is to give him some hope. 2. 被修饰的先行词还有一些特定意义的修饰词，如：the only、the very、just the、the right、any、every、no、all、much、many、little、few等， 如：The only thing（that）we know is that the universe is very big. Any bus that can go there is OK. This is just the/the very/the right book I am looking for. There are few cars that are driving slowly. Every car that has a high price is worth what it costs. 3．句子中出现过which或who之类的词，为了避免重复，要用that， 如：Who is the man that is speaking? The factory which produces shoes that are very good has gone bankru 4．关系代词在从句中作表语时，多用 that。如： She is not the girl that she was three years ago． 5．先行词被形容词最高级、only等修饰时，应用that。如： Tang Guoqiang has become one of the best actors that appear on Chinese screens． 6. 先行词既有人又有物或time， 如：Can you tell me the people and events（that）you saw in Britain? The man and his dog that looked odd came to me quietly. Each time that he came he