[历史学]英雄史观的再认识.docVIP

英雄史观的再认识 摘要 英雄史观作为一种史观，这种概念的提出出现在近代，虽新尤古。在传统的史学里，不管是书写帝王的“本纪”，还是记述风云人物的“列传”，这些帝王将相往往都具有扭转乾坤，缔造历史的天赋才能，并且英雄史观一直是历代品评历史人物有形或无形的标尺。史学进入近代，英雄史观又有了新的内涵，无论是卡莱尔的英雄本体论解释模式、胡克的社会—生物机遇论解释模式，还是黎鸣的思维创造性价值的新英雄史观模式，都显示着英雄史观的时代存在性。 本文从传统的英雄史观、群英史观和新英雄史观的角度，浅议英雄史观的历史嬗变及其发展趋势，分析英雄史观之所以在史学领域里长盛不衰的原因。从心理、文化、阶级、社会根源等方面，探索英雄史观存在的历史合理性。进而追述英雄史观中“英雄”的时代精神和内涵。简要阐述英雄史观对中国传统文学、史学本身、民族精神的影响和作用。 笔者试图从经济、政治、思想、科技等方面，剖析近代出现反英雄史观的原因，论证传统的英雄史观在近代史学中所处的矛盾境地。并进一步从史学的千年惯性、时代的文明程度和人性之使然等诸多角度，对英雄史观在当代的价值定位提出一些思考和看法。 关键词：英雄史观 嬗变 合理性 现代定位 Recognition of the Historical Viewpoint of Heroes Abstract As a kind of historical view, the historical viewpoint of heroes appears in the modern times, but exists in the ancient. In traditional historiography, the kings、 generals and ministers of the biographic sketches of emperors and the collected biographies which have the talent to make history or turn things around. The historical viewpoint of heroes always is the tangible or intangible ruler Which comments on historical figures. The historical viewpoint of heroes have new connotation when the historiography enters into modern times. whether Carlyle s explanational model of hero ontology、Hookers explanational model of society - biological opportunity theory or Limings new mode of historical viewpoint of heroes of thinking creative value display the existence of era of historical viewpoint of heroes. This paper discusses on the historical evolvement and developmental tendency of the historical viewpoint of heroes from the traditional historical viewpoint、Qunying historical viewpoint and new historical viewpoint of heroes, after that analysis the prevalent causes of historical viewpoint of heroes in the field of historiography. Not only explores the historical rationality of existence of historical viewpoint of heroes from psychology、culture、class、social root, etc, but also shows the spirit of the age and connotation of heroes. Then states the influence and the roles which historical viewpoints of heroes impact