病理性近视相关并发症诊治的研究进展.docVIP

病理性近视相关并发症诊治的研究进展 　　摘 要 病理性近视相关并发症已经成为现今人们视觉损害及失明的主要原因之一。并发症包括后巩膜葡萄肿、近视性黄斑病变、近视性脉络膜新生血管和其他眼底损害造成的最佳矫正视力的下降。影像学技术如光学相干断层扫描术和三维磁共振成像术等的发展为观察病理性近视相关并发症的病变细节提供了可能。新的治疗手段如玻璃体内注射抗血管内皮生?L因子类药物和玻璃体视网膜手术的出现则使病理性近视的预后得到了改善。然而，在如何延缓病理性近视相关并发症进展和治疗黄斑视网膜萎缩方面，临床上还面临着极大的挑战。本文主要回顾病理性近视相关并发症的诊治进展，并阐明目前在此领域亟待解决的问题与挑战。 　　关键词 病理性近视 后巩膜葡萄肿 近视性黄斑病变 近视性脉络膜新生血管 　　中图分类号：R778.11 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-1533（2017）23-0008-04 　　Progress in diagnosis and treatment of complications of pathologic myopia 　　LYU Hanyi， XU Xun* 　　（Department of Ophthalmology， Shanghai General Hospital， Shanghai Jiao Tong University； Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Disease； Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine， Shanghai 200080， China） 　　ABSTRACT Complications associated with pathologic myopia are a major cause for visual impairment and blindness. The eyes with pathologic myopia may develop posterior staphyloma， myopic maculopathy， myopic choroidal neovascularization， maculoretinal atrophy and other fundus lesions which can result in the loss of best-correxted vision. The advance of new imaging technologies such as optical coherence tomography and three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging has enabled the detailed observation of various pathologies specific to pathologic myopia. New therapeutic approaches including intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents and the advance of vitreoretinal surgeries have greatly improved the prognosis of patients with pathologic myopia. However there are still many challenges in intervening the progress of these complications. Furthermore， we still lack some treatment measures in face of maculoretinal atrophy. This article reviews progress in the diagnosis and treatment of the main complications related to pathologic myopia and expounds the unsolved problems and challenges that we are facing in this field. 　　KEY WORDS pathologic myopia； posterior staphyloma； myopic maculopathy； myopic choroidal neovascularization