大连海事大学船舶安全管理教案8：Collision Avoidance.pptVIP

Ship collision avoidance Liu Zhengjiang 2005.12.2 0 Preface Historical Background The layout of the collision regulation 0.1 The historical background Phase I: Before 1840 --Wooden vessel, vessels under sail --Rules were established by custom --Some examples: Rodian Law(Before Christ, B.C); The Admiralty black books(1338) the sailing vessels give way to anchoring vessel; the vessel commanded by people of lower ranks give way to that commanded by people of higher ranks. 0.1 The historical background(continued) Phase II:1840~1910 -- vessels of steel construction advented -- serious collisions started to occur --Merchant shipping act 1863, issued by Trinity House; --international conference hold in Washington -- Practice of good seamanship 0.1 The historical background(continued) Phases III: 1910~1960 --1910, Brussels, Belgium: Maritime conventions Act, provided for apportionment o liability --1948, London, UK: conference of safety of life at sea: set up an uniform system on an international level to prevent collision at sea(1954 into force--1965) 0.1 The historical background(continued) Phase IV: 1960~ -- radar widely used --The annex b to SOLAS contained the collision regulations(1960) -- International regulations for preventing collisions at sea, 1972 New technology applied into shipping 0.1 The historical background(continued) 1972 regulation come into force on July 15 , 1977 Revised many times: -- 1981~1983.6.1 --1987~1989. 11.9 --1989~1991.04.19 --1993~1995~11 0.1 The historical background(continued) China --1889: took part in Washington 1910: accepted 1948: took part in 1957: accepted 1948 1958: non-power driven vessels rules 1975: accepted 1960 rules 1980: accepted 2972 0.2 The layout o the collision regulations 5 parts, four annexes Rules– 5 parts Part a: General Part b: steering and sailing rules Part c: lights and shapes Part d: sound and light signals Part e: exemptions Annexes—four Annex I: positioning and technical details of light and sha