微观经济学（N. Gregory Mankiw）教学课件ch3.pdfVIP

C H A P T E R 3 Interdependence and the Gains from Trade P R I N C I P L E S O F Economics N. Gregory Mankiw bannannan@dufe.edu.cn © 2009 South- Western, a part of Cengage Learning, all rights reserved How does society satisfy your needs? INTERDEPENDENCE AND THE GAINS FROM TRADE 1 Interdependence Every day hair gel from you rely on Cleveland, OH many people from around cell phone the world, from Taiwan most of whom you’ve never met, dress shirt from China to provide you with the goods and services coffee from Kenya you enjoy. One of the Ten Principles from Chapter 1: Trade can make everyone better off. What exactly do people gain when they trade with one another? Why do people choose to become interdependent? INTERDEPENDENCE AND THE GAINS FROM TRADE 3 A parable for the modern economy  Imagine… Only two goods: meat and potato Only two people: a cattle rancher and a potato farmer INTERDEPENDENCE AND THE GAINS FROM TRADE 4 Three possibilities of trade: The rancher can produce only meat and the farmer can produce only potatoes. The rancher and the farmer were each capable of producing the other good, but only at great cost. One person is better at producing every good. For example, suppose that the rancher is better at raising cattle and growing potatoes than the farme