机体平衡-14、内分泌总论.pptVIP

ENDOCRINOLOGYMETABOLISM Shantou Univ. Med. Coll. Dr. Shaoda Lin ENDOCRINOLGY All physiologic processes is controlled by two systems: The nervous system exerts point-to-point control through nerves by electric or chemical pathways, which is specific, precise精确and fast. The endocrine system broadcasts chemical messages by secretion into blood and extracellular fluid. The effect is diffuse, slow and lasts long. ENDOCRINOLOGY is the study of chemical communication systems that provide the means to control a huge number of physiologic processes by the molecular agent which we call HORMONE. 内分泌系统 神经-内分泌-免疫系统 代谢 生长 发育 生殖 思维 运动 内外环境稳定： 不良因素 病理变化 心身健康 THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM CONSTITUTION Hormone producing tissues Large endocrine glands as single organs Endocrine tissues and cells distributed in non- endocrine organs Hormones the message carriers sended into the blood flow and extracellular fluid Hormone receptor the message receiver presents in hormone target cells THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM The Central of Endocrine SystemHypothalamus-Pituitary Axis Diffuse Endocrine System This concept is to emphasize that clusters(簇)of cells that secrete hormones exist in some non-endocrine organs. All cells involved in this system produce amines or peptides, and they are called APUD cells. (amine precursor前体uptake and decarboxylation脱羧 cell). Organs involved in this system include heart, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, and so on. The enteric endocrine system may be the most important one. Endocrine Cells in Digestive Tract THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM FUNCTIONS Regulate metabolism-substance and energy balance Coordinate functions among organs and systems Control growth and development Control sexual rhythms and reproduction Maintain homeostasis内环境稳定 Responses to external stimulation, stress and injury HORMONE DEFINITION Chemical messenger that is synthesized in endocrine cells, secreted into blood and extracellular fluid and stimulates physiological