第三讲：词义关系.pptVIP

* Vividness, exactness, concreteness * * comprehend, understand “I did not comprehend his arguments, although I understand the language, and all the sentences.” Good-looking, pretty, beautiful Want, wish, desire * empty (box, street, room), vacant (seat, chair, apartment), blank (check, a blank sheet of paper) * Sources of synonyms Dialects and regional English British E American E lift elevator tube subway coach bus call box telephone booth Petrol gasoline Sources of synonyms Figurative and euphemistic of words occupation walk of life dreamer star-gazer drunk elevated lie distort the fact Sources of synonyms Coincidence with idiomatic expressions pick up choose give up abandon go on with continue put off postpone win gain the upper hand hesitate be in two minds Absolute or perfect synonyms: words which are identical in meaning in all its aspects, i.e. both in grammatical and lexical meaning. Such synonyms are rare in natural languages. compounding and composition; word building and word-formation; malnutrition and undernourishment Partial synonyms look: stare, gaze, glimpse, peep, glance laugh: grin, chortle, chuckle, giggle, guffaw, snicker/snigger, roar, make one’s way: thread one’s way, dig one’s way, break one’s way, push one’s way, shoulder one’s way, elbow one’s way, worm one’s way Difference in range and intensity of meaning Extend, increase, expand The company has decided to ________ its sales by ten per cent next year. The owner of the restaurant is going to __________ the kitchen by ten feet this year. The metal will __________ if heated. extend increase expand increase extend expand Practice: Arrange the synonyms according to the degree of intensity. genius, ability, talent Terror-stricken, frightened, alarmed Surprise, amaze, astonish Irritate, annoy, exasperate Pleasure, delight, rapture Sadness, grief, sorrow Pardon, forgive, excuse Zealous, eager, enthusiastic Fear, horror, panic Abuse, insult, slander Difference in emotional and styl