食品专业英语lesson13.docVIP

Lesson 13 Basic Steps in Vegetables’ Canning 蔬菜罐装的基本步骤 Vegetables differ from fruits in chemical composition and therefore require different canning conditions.蔬菜在化学组成上和水果不同，因此，需要（和水果）不同的罐装条件。 The acidity of vegetables is generally much lower（i.e., high pH value）than that of fruits, and they may contain more heat-resistant soil organisms than fruits. 蔬菜的酸度通常比水果低很多（即pH值较高），因此它们可能比水果含有更多的耐热的土壤有机物。 In addition, many vegetables require more cooking than fruits to develop their most desirable flavor and texture. 此外，许多蔬菜要求比水果更多的烹煮时间以达到它们需要的风味和结构。 For these reasons canned vegetables in general require more severe processing than fruits.由于这些原因，罐装蔬菜通常比水果需要更严苛的加工过程。 Preparation of Vegetables 蔬菜的准备 One of the important steps in canning is thorough cleaning of raw food material on its receipt at the cannery. 在罐装时重要的一步是在罐头厂接受原材料时对原材料进行彻底的清洗。 Vegetables are washed by high-pressure sprays or by strong-flowing streams of water while being passed along a moving belt or on agitating or revolving screens. 蔬菜在传送带上输送或通过搅拌筛或旋转筛时，可以通过高压喷淋或强的水流进行冲洗。 With certain products, washing is preceded by a dry-cleaning treatment in which adhering soil and other fine materials are mechanically removed by revolving or agitating screens or by strong air blasts. 对某些产品，洗涤之前要用旋筛或振动筛，或强气流进行干洗处理，以除去黏附的土和其他细小物质。 Many vegetables are first sorted for size and maturity. Sorting for size is accomplished by passing the raw foods through a series of moving screens with different mesh sizes or over differently spaced rollers. 许多水果首先根据尺寸和成熟度进行分级，根据尺寸进行分级通常采用一系列带有不同筛孔的移动筛或不同的滚筒来完成。 Separation into groups according to degree of ripeness or perfection of shape is done by hand. 根据它们的成熟度和形状的完好程度进行分级通常手工完成。 Peas and lima beans are frequently separated into more or less mature portions by flotation in a salt solution, the operation being performed continuously in automatic machines. 豌豆和利马豆通常通过使它们漂浮在盐溶液中来把区分它们的成熟度，这一操作通常用自动仪器连续操作。 Trimming, if necessary, is done by hand by operators trained in locating and removing blemis