现代西方哲学08.pptVIP

第八章 哲学解释学（伽达默尔） 艺术真实 艺术真实是对生活真实的净化、深化和美化，它比生活真实更集中，也更能深刻地显示出社会生活的本质。 艺术真实是艺术家主观思想和客观生活真实辩证统一的结晶。它源于生活真实，又高于生活真实。 艺术创作可以以生活中的真人真事为基础，也可以以生活中可能有的人和事为基础进行艺术创造，达到艺术的真实。 艺术真实并不要求照搬生活现象，并不排斥艺术想象和艺术虚构。它的真谛在于艺术形象与社会生活内在规律和内在逻辑的艺术吻合。 Hermeneutics 解释学/诠释学 In religious studies and social philosophy, hermeneutics is the study of the theory and practice of interpretation. Traditional hermeneutics—which includes Biblical hermeneutics—refers to the study of the interpretation of written texts, especially texts in the areas of literature, religion and law. Modern, hermeneutics encompasses not only issues involving the written text, but everything in the interpretative process. This includes verbal and nonverbal forms of communication as well as prior aspects that affect communication, such as presuppositions, preunderstandings, the meaning and philosophy of language. Philosophical hermeneutics refers primarily to the theory of knowledge initiated by Martin Heidegger and developed by Hans-Georg Gadamers in Truth and Method, and sometimes to Paul Ricoeur. 《真理与方法》 In the book of 《truth and method》 Gadamer argued that “truth” and “method” were at odds with one another. He was critical of two approaches to the human sciences (德语：Geisteswissenschaften；汉语：精神科学，人文科学). 《真理与方法》批评（一） On the one hand, he was critical of modern approaches to humanities that modelled themselves on the natural sciences (and thus on rigorous scientific methods). 反对将自然科学当作人文学科的典范； 反对将自然科学的方法作为人文学科的方法。 《真理与方法》批评（二） On the other hand, he took issue with the traditional German approach to the humanities, represented for instance by Friedrich Schleiermacher and Wilhelm Dilthey, which believed that correctly interpreting a text meant recovering the original intention of the author who wrote it. Fusion of horizons （一） Person A and person B exchange their ideas and opinions within a conversation. People come from different places have different opinions and this difference in background creates a set of prejudi