community forest management and the emergence of multi-scale governance institutions lessons for redd+ development from mexico, brazil and bolivia社区森林管理和多尺度的出现治理机构redd +发展经验教训来自墨西哥、巴西和玻利维亚.pdfVIP

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community forest management and the emergence of multi-scale governance institutions lessons for redd+ development from mexico, brazil and bolivia社区森林管理和多尺度的出现治理机构redd +发展经验教训来自墨西哥、巴西和玻利维亚.pdf

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communityforestmanagementandtheemergenceofmulti-scalegovernanceinstitutionslessonsforredddevelopmentfrommexico,brazilandbolivia社区森林管理和多尺度的出现治理机构redd发展经验教训来自墨西哥、巴西和玻利维亚

Forests 2011, 2, 45 1-473; doi:10.3390/f2020451 OPEN ACCESS forests ISSN 1999-4907 /journal/forests Article Community Forest Management and the Emergence of Multi-Scale Governance Institutions: Lessons for REDD+ Development from Mexico, Brazil and Bolivia Peter Cronkleton 1,*, David Barton Bray 2 and Gabriel Medina 3 1 Center for International Forestry Research, Av. La Molina 1895, La Molina, Lima, Peru 2 Department of Earth Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; E-Mail: brayd@ 3 Setor de Desenvolvimento Rural, Escola de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; E-Mail: gabriel.silva.medina@ * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: pcronkleton@; Tel.: +51-1-349-6017; Fax: 51-1-317-5326. Received: 14 February 2011 / Accepted: 19 March 2011 / Published: 30 March 2011 Abstract: At their most local, initiatives to reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) will depend on rural people to manage forest resources. Although the design of frameworks, mechanisms and arrangements to implement REDD programs have received significant attention, it is not yet clear how REDD+ will function on the ground or how the participation of local populations will be assured. Community forest management (CFM) could be an option under REDD+ depending on how it is negotiated, largely because of the expectation that CFM could reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation. Examining institutional factors in the emergence of successful CFM systems