win-stay-lose-learn promotes cooperation in the spatial prisoners dilemma gamewin-stay-lose-learn促进合作的空间u201c囚徒困境u201d游戏.pdfVIP

Win-Stay-Lose-Learn Promotes Cooperation in the Spatial Prisoner’s Dilemma Game 1,2,3 4 1 5 ˇ 6 Yongkui Liu *, Xiaojie Chen *, Lin Zhang , Long Wang , Matjaz Perc * 1 School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China, 2 School of Electronic and Control Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China, 3 Center for Road Traffic Intelligent Detection and Equipment Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China, 4 Evolution and Ecology Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria, 5 State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China, 6 Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Physics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia Abstract Holding on to one’s strategy is natural and common if the later warrants success and satisfaction. This goes against widespread simulation practices of evolutionary games, where players frequently consider changing their strategy even though their payoffs may be marginally different than those of the other players. Inspired by this observation, we introduce an aspiration-based win-stay-lose-learn strategy updating rule into the spatial prisoner’s dilemma game. The rule is simple and intuitive, foreseeing strategy changes only by dissatisfied players, who then attempt to adopt the strategy of one of their nearest neighbors, while the strategies of satisfied players are not subject to change. We find that the proposed win- stay-lose-learn rule promotes the evolution of cooperation, and it does so very robustly and independently of the initial conditions. In fact, we show that even a minute initial fraction of cooperators may be sufficient to eventuall