wind turbine blade design风力发电机叶片设计.pdfVIP

Energies 2012, 5, 3425-3449; doi:10.3390/en5093425 OPEN ACCESS energies ISSN 1996-1073 /journal/energies Review Wind Turbine Blade Design Peter J. Schubel * and Richard J. Crossley Faculty of Engineering, Division of Materials, Mechanics and Structures, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: peter.schubel@nottingham.ac.uk; Tel.: +44-(0)-115-95-13979. Received: 23 April 2012; in revised form: 21 June 2012 / Accepted: 30 August 2012 / Published: 6 September 2012 Abstract: A detailed review of the current state-of-art for wind turbine blade design is presented, including theoretical maximum efficiency, propulsion, practical efficiency, HAWT blade design, and blade loads. The review provides a complete picture of wind turbine blade design and shows the dominance of modern turbines almost exclusive use of horizontal axis rotors. The aerodynamic design principles for a modern wind turbine blade are detailed, including blade plan shape/quantity, aerofoil selection and optimal attack angles. A detailed review of design loads on wind turbine blades is offered, describing aerodynamic, gravitational, centrifugal, gyroscopic and operational conditions. Keywords: wind turbine; blade design; Betz limit; blade loads; aerodynamic 1. Introduction Power has been extracted from the wind over hundreds of years with historic designs,